1

a) - Section 1 - Problem Assessment and Response Arrangement (1987).

2

(in Swedish), Karlskrona, Sweden, 2000.

3

IMO/UNEP: Regional Information System, Part D, Operational Guides and Technical Manuals, Section 12, Practical Guide for Marine Chemical Spills, REMPEC, June 1999, updated January 2000.

4

http://www.chrismanual.com/

5

US Environmental Protection Agency, Standard Operating Safety Guides, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA, 1992, NTIS Publication 9285.1-03.

6

CAMEO, US National Safety Council, Customer Service, Box 558, Itasca IL 60143-0558, USA, Fax +1 708 285 0797.

7

Shell International, Chemspil, Reports No. HSE 90.006, HSE 90.007 and HSE 90.008, Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague, Holland, 1990.

8

Ashworth P., A Dispersion Model for Sinker Liquids Spilled into Waterways, 1982 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 19-22 April 1982, p.404-413.

9

Salo S., The Fate of Chemicals Spilled on Water - A Literature Review of Physical and Chemical Processes, Vesi-ja Ympäristöhallitus, Helsinki, Finland, 1992.

10

Koponen J., Salo S. and Hirvi J.-P., Description of a Computer Program for Chemical Spill Simulation, Mimeograph Series of the National Board of Waters and the Environment No. 440, Helsinki, Finland, 1992.

11

Szluha A.T. et al., Response Manual for Combating Spills of Floating Hazardous CHRIS Chemicals, MAXIMA Corporation, Environmental Technology Division, 107 Union Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TE 37830, USA, 1989.

12

Szluha A.T. et al., Review of Technologies for Containment and Recovery of Floating Hazardous Chemicals, 1986 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads;  US Coast Guard; Chemical Manufacturers Association; US Environmental Protection Agency, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 5-8 May 1986, p.65-71.

13

Kartlegging av Absorberende Midler, Report 93:21, 1993, Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, Pb 8100 Dep, 0032 Oslo, Norway

14

Melvold R.W. and Gibson S.C., A Guidance Manual for Selection and Use of Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substances, JRB Associates Inc., McLean, VA, USA, 1987, NTIS Report PB87-208765.

15

Herrick E.C., Carstea D. and Goldgraben G., Sorbent Materials for Cleanup of Hazardous Spills, MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA, USA, 1982, NTIS Report PB82-227125.

16

Imbiber Beads:

17

Breslin M.K. and Royer M.D., Use of Selected Sorbents and an Aqueous Film Forming Foam on Floating Hazardous Materials, JRB Associates Inc., McLean, VA, USA, 1981, NTIS Report PB82-108895.

18

McCracken W.E. and Schwartz S.H., Performance Testing of Spills Control Devices on Floatable Hazardous Materials, US Coast Guard, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1977, NTIS Report PB 276581.

19

Akers C.K. et al., Guidelines for the Use of Chemicals in Removing Hazardous Substance Discharges, Calspan Corporation, Buffalo, NY 14221, USA, 1981, NTIS Report PB82-107483.

20

Drake E. et al., A Feasibility Study of Response Techniques for Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals that Disperse through the Water Column, Arthur D. Little Inc., Acorn Park, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA, 1976, NTIS Report AD-A040968.

21

Bauer W.H., Borton D.N. and Bulloff J.J., Agents, Methods and Devices for Amelioration of Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals on Water, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12181, USA, 1975, NTIS Report AD-A024221.

22

Shooter D., Lyman W.J. and Sinclair J.R., Response Techniques for Spills of Hazardous, Water Soluble Chemicals, Paper (not in Proceedings) presented at the 1980 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency  and US Coast Guard, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 13-15 May 1980.

23

Thornton G.J.E., Williams J.E. and Clements R.J., Response to a Major Discharge of Pentachlorophenol in a Waterway, 1982 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 19-22 April 1982, p.68-76.

24

Willmann J.C., Blazevich J. and Snyder, JR., H.J., PCB Spill in the Duwamish-Seattle, WA., Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency and Oil Spill Control Association of America, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 25-28 April 1976, p.351-355.

25

Daniels S.L., Product Stewardship for Chemicals Used in Water and Wastewater Treatment, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1974 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, American Institute of Chemical Engineers and US Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, California, USA, 25-28 August 1974, p.31-37.

25

Daniels S.L., Product Stewardship for Chemicals Used in Water and Wastewater Treatment, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1974 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, American Institute of Chemical Engineers and US Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, California, USA, 25-28 August 1974, p.31-37.

26

Dawson G.W., McNeese J.A. and Coates J.A., Application of Buoyant Mass Transfer Media to Hazardous Material Spills, Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, USA, 1980, NTIS Report PB80-198427.

27

Dawson et al., In Situ Treatment of Hazardous Material Spills in Flowing Streams, Batelle Northwest, Richland, Washington 99352, USA, 1977, NTIS Report PB 274455.

28

Dawson G.W., Mercer B.W.  and Parkhurst R.G., Comparative Evaluation of in Situ Approaches to the Treatment of Flowing Streams, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency and Oil Spill Control Association of America, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 25-28 April 1976, p.266-271.

29

Mercer B.W., Shuckrow A.J. and Dawson G.W., Treatment of Hazardous Material Spills with Floating Mass Transfer Media, US Environmental Protection Agency, USA, 1973, EPA-670/2-73-078, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 40402, USA.

30

Schneider G.R., Removal of Water-Soluble Hazardous Materials Spills from Waterways by Activated Carbon, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1980 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency  and US Coast Guard, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 13-15 May 1980, p.82-87.

31

Weston R.R., Selecting a Treatment Technique for Contaminated Bottom Sediments, 1982 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 19-22 April 1982, p.102-110.

32

Bonham N., Response Techniques for the Cleanup of Sinking Hazardous Materials, Technology Development and Technical Services Branch, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0E7, Report EPS 4/SP/1, April 1989.

33

Boyer K.R., Hodge V.E. and Wetzel R.S., Handbook: Response to Discharges of Sinking Hazardous Substances, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, EPA/540/2-87/001, September 1987.

34

Hansen C.A. and Sanders R G., Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of  Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, 1981, NTIS Report PB81-230922.

35

Goodier J.L. and Thompson C.H., In-Place Removal of Spilled Toxics: Available Tools, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1980 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency  and US Coast Guard, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 13-15 May 1980, p.123-133.

36

Hand T.D. et al., Feasibility Study of Response Techniques for Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals that sink, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, PO Box 631, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA, June 1978.

37

Hand T.D. and Ford A.W., The Feasibility of Dredging for Bottom Recovery of Spills of Dense, Hazardous Chemicals, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1978 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency; US Coast Guard; Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, USA, 11-13 April 1978, p.315-324.

38

Wiltshire G.A. and Rand M., Cargo Removal and Salvage of the Tank Barge ACO-501, 1990 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; National Response Team; Chemical Manufacturers Association , Houston, Texas, USA, 13-17 May 1990, p.619-633.

39

Solsberg L.B., Parent R.D. and Ross S.L., A Survey of Chemical Spill Countermeasures, Environmental Emergencies Technology Division, Technology Development and Technical Services Branch, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0E7, Report EPS 9/SP/2 December 1986.

40

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG-Code), Volume I-IV and supplement (updated regularly), International Maritime Organization, London, UK.

41

Aoustin Y. and Cabioc’h F., Criteria for Decision Making Regarding Response to Accidently Spilled Chemicals in Packaged Form - Hydrodynamic Aspects, IFREMER, Centre de Brest, BP. 70, 29280 Plouzane, France, 1992.

42

Cabioc’h F., The Behaviour and Fate of Packages Lost at Sea: A Report Based on Studies Carried Out for the French Administration and the European Commission, CEDRE, Centre for Documentation Research & Investigation into Accidental Water Pollution Incidents, Centre de Brest, BP. 70, 29280 Plouzane, France, 1991.

43

Cabioc’h F. et al Containers and Packages Lost at Sea – Operational Guide, (French original‘s title: Conteneurs et colis perdus en mer – Guide Opérationnel), CEDRE 2001, France.

44

Eden A. van, Destruction of Chlorine Containers on the Sea Floor of the North Sea, 1986 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads;  US Coast Guard; Chemical Manufacturers Association; US Environmental Protection Agency, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 5-8 May 1986, p.25-35.

45

Saltveit S.J. and Brabrand Å., Utslipp av syre fra Idun fabrikker - en vurdering av virking på bunndyr og fisk, Inland Water Ecology and Fishery Laboratory, Zoological Museum, Oslo University, Norway, Reg. No.1, 1988.

46

Harsh K.M., Toxicity Modification of an Anhydrous Ammonia Spill, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1978 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency; US Coast Guard; Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, USA, 11-13 April 1978, p.148-151.

47

Mark C.G. et al., Case History of the MV Rio Neuquen: Containment and Ocean Disposal of Reacting Aluminum Phosphide, 1986 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads;  US Coast Guard; Chemical Manufacturers Association; US Environmental Protection Agency, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 5-8 May 1986, p.19-24.

48

Robinson J.S., Hazardous Chemical Spill Cleanup, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA, 1979.

49

http://www.chrismanual.com/

50

Email: mis@bmtmis.demon.co.uk   Web: www.bmtmis.com

51

http://www.gotgas.com/book/

52

Jadamec J.R., Bentz A.P., Hiltabrand R.R. och Kleineberg G.A., The U.S. Coast Guard Mobile Response Laboratory, 1984 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads/Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Nashville Tennessee, USA, 9-12 April 1984,  p. 199-204.

53

Urban M. och Losche R., Development and Use of a Mobile Chemical Laboratory for Hazardous Material Spill Response Activities, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1978 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency; US Coast Guard; Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, USA, 11-13 April 1978,  p. 311-314.

54

Offenhartz B.H. och Lefko J.L., Enzyme-Based Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, 1984 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads/Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Nashville Tennessee, USA, 9-12 April 1984,  p. 195-198.

55

Skovronek H.S. et al., Hazardous Substance Detection by Canine Olfaction, 1986 Hazardous Material Spills Conference (article not included in the Proceedings), Association of American Railroads;  US Coast Guard; Chemical Manufacturers Association; US Environmental Protection Agency, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 5-8 May 1986.

56

US Environmental Protection Agency, Delineating Toxic Areas by Canine Olfaction, Project Summary EPA/600/S2-85/089, December 1985

57

Arner L.D., Johnson G.R., Masters H. och Skovronek H.S., Toxic Area Delineation by Canine Olfaction, 1984 Hazardous Material Spills Conference Proceedings, Association of American Railroads/Bureau of Explosives; Chemical Manufacturers Association;  US Coast Guard; US Environmental Protection Agency, Nashville Tennessee, USA, 9-12 April 1984,  p. 191-194.

58

http://www.crisafulli.com/

59

http://www.mudcat.com/

60

Willmann J.C., Blazevich J. och Snyder, JR., H.J., PCB Spill in the Duwamish-Seattle, WA., Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency och Oil Spill Control Association of America, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 25-28 April 1976,  p. 351-355.

61

62

http://bifrost.unl.edu/ehs/ChemicalInfo/comptabl.html

63

Lafornara J.P., Polito M. and Scholz R., Removal of Spilled Herbicide from a New Jersey Lake, Control of Hazardous Material Spills: Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, US Environmental Protection Agency and Oil Spill Control Association of America, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 25-28 April 1976, p.378-381.